HEP Computing: successes and future challenges

Over the past two decades, High-Energy Physics (HEP) computing has faced significant challenges, particularly in supporting CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. The unprecedented volume and complexity of HEP data necessitated a complete rethinking of computing models, infrastructure, and services. In response, the HEP computing community established an international collaboration known as the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) to implement and operate a distributed infrastructure tailored to the needs of the LHC experiments. Since its inception, the WLCG has successfully supported the LHC's scientific program, ensuring that computing continues to be an enabling factor for science rather than a limitation.

The coming decades will bring even greater challenges. The LHC program will enter its High Luminosity phase, during which ten times more data will be produced per unit of time, with the data being far more complex. Additionally, other HEP experiments will require substantial computing resources. Sciences with similar computing models to HEP, such as Astronomy and Astroparticle Physics, will also face challenges in managing large data volumes. Many of the facilities currently providing HEP computing resources will need to adapt to meet these expanding requirements.

This contribution will present the successes of HEP computing, explore the upcoming challenges, and outline several opportunities to address them.