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Various 21 cm signals from neutral hydrogen have been proposed to probe the cosmic dawn, including the global 21 cm spectrum, the 21 cm tomography, and the 21 cm forest. They will provide valuable insights into the early structure formation during the cosmic dawn, and have been identified as the key scientific goals for a number of ground-based and space-borne radio experiments, including the international Square Kilometre Array and the Hongmeng project. In this talk, I'll talk about some of the recent research progresses on the theories and 21 cm probes for the cosmic dawn. I will also introduce the Hongmeng project, which is going to measure the global 21 cm signal on lunar orbit.
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