Description |
In this talk, I will briefly describe how I became interested in science and how I almost became a professional billiards player. Following my early interests in mathematics and some thoughts about becoming a professional detective, and later my pursuit of a PhD in chemistry I became fascinated with biology and read a book, “The Thread of Life” by John Kendrew that led to my becoming a molecular biologist. I will describe the research that led to the discovery of RNA splicing, which turned out to be a temporary diversion from my real interests in DNA restriction and modification and bioinformatics. With a keen interest in sequencing DNA, I became heavily involved in using computers and was a pioneer in what is now called bioinformatics. In the RM field many discoveries have been made including, most recently, some exciting findings on bacterial methylomes.
My career has spanned traditional academic research to more commercially inspired ventures. Since I now work at New England Biolabs, a for-profit company, I will describe its origins, its philosophy towards business and life, and how commercial success can fund innovative research. One theme running through my career has been a lack of respect for dogma and a keen sense of questioning everything that people tell me they already know. I will also highlight the importance of luck in shaping a career.
About the Speaker:
At age of 18, Richard Roberts was admitted to the University of Sheffield where he studied chemistry, physics and mathematics. Three years later he was accepted as a candidate for a doctoral degree in Organic Chemistry. While examining the substances contained in tropical wood, he discovered new compounds and interrelationships which led to an interest in biology. Already a passionate reader, he avidly began reading about molecular biology.
After obtaining his Ph.D., Roberts took on a position as a postdoctoral fellow with Professor Jack Strominger in the Biological Laboratories at Harvard University (USA). Thus, in 1969 a new period of life began for him as a scientist. A stay as a guest in Cambridge (GB), with Frederick Sanger (who in 1980 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the second time) directed him to the “technique” of RNA sequencing and he succeeded in exactly determining the individual nucleotides within some tRNA molecules, beginning a passion for nucleic acid sequences.
In 1972, Roberts started working at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. There he discovered that the genes in the cells of higher organisms have a mosaic structure in which coding and non-coding sequences are interspersed, whereas in bacteria, like E. coli, the genes are continuous. This result was also achieved by Philip A. Sharp with his research team at MIT in Cambridge, MA in 1977. Both scientists were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1993 “for their discoveries of split genes”. Their discovery led to decisive progress in many fields including cancer research. He was knighted in 2008.
Since 1992, Roberts has been working as a research director at New England Biolabs, a small molecular biology reagent company located in Ipswich, Massachusetts. His current research focuses on DNA methylation in bacteria and the use of bioinformatics to discover new bacterial gene functions. He is currently leading a campaign that includes 158 Nobel Laureates who support the use and inherent safety of GMO techniques for improving plant varieties, especially those needed by developing countries.
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