New ways of seeing and thinking about the Universe

In the past decade we have begun to view the Universe using two new messengers: Gravitational waves and high energy neutrinos. The neutrino sky has been resolved by the IceCube neutrino observatory to identify a few candidate sources, as well as diffuse emission from our own Galaxy, by leveraging information from the photon sky. The next decade of real-time multi-messenger astronomy will see neutrino, Gravitational Wave and EM observatories exchanging data in real time and working together as one. Even as we embrace this new way of seeing the Universe, our concordance model of the Universe at its largest scales is falling apart due to various anomalies. The Cosmic Dipole Anomaly in particular, reveals the Universe to be anisotropic, falsifying the cosmological principle and hinting at a new way of thinking about the Universe - inhomogeneous cosmology.

References:
Science 361 (2018) 6398, eaat1378     IceCube and Fermi-LAT and MAGIC and AGILE and ASAS-SN and HAWC and H.E.S.S. and INTEGRAL and Kanata and Kiso and Kapteyn and Liverpool Telescope and Subaru and Swift NuSTAR and VERITAS and VLA/17B-403  Collaborations | Astrophys. J. Lett. 908 (2021) L51, Secrest et. al. 2021