Core level shifts and disorder broadening in bulk AgPd and CuNi alloys

Binding energies of the core electrons show energy shifts (core level shifts or chemical shifts) which depend on the chemical environment of the atom. These shifts usually depend on the alloy composition as the chemical environment of a particular site or atom depends on the composition. Interestingly, the width of a core level also depends on the alloy composition usually attributed to disorder in the alloy. In a disordered system even chemically equivalent atoms are strctly speaking different due to local distortions. Such small changes in the environment cause extremely small core level shifts and contributes to broadening.  I will discuss the core level shifts and broadening with composition in CuNi and AgPd alloys using recenlty acquired high resolution XPS data.